diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index b350a9a..73ee8bf 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     },
     "require": {
         "php": ">=7.4",
-        "guzzlehttp/psr7": "^2 || ^1.7",
+        "psr/http-factory-implementation": "^1.0",
         "symfony/polyfill-php80": "^1.15"
     },
     "require-dev": {
diff --git a/src/Handshake/ClientNegotiator.php b/src/Handshake/ClientNegotiator.php
index a7a9125..cfa6575 100644
--- a/src/Handshake/ClientNegotiator.php
+++ b/src/Handshake/ClientNegotiator.php
@@ -3,22 +3,28 @@ namespace Ratchet\RFC6455\Handshake;
 use Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface;
 use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
 use Psr\Http\Message\UriInterface;
-use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request;
+use Psr\Http\Message\RequestFactoryInterface;
 
 class ClientNegotiator {
     private ResponseVerifier $verifier;
 
     private RequestInterface $defaultHeader;
 
-    public function __construct(PermessageDeflateOptions $perMessageDeflateOptions = null) {
-        $this->verifier = new ResponseVerifier;
+    private RequestFactoryInterface $requestFactory;
 
-        $this->defaultHeader = new Request('GET', '', [
-            'Connection'            => 'Upgrade'
-          , 'Upgrade'               => 'websocket'
-          , 'Sec-WebSocket-Version' => $this->getVersion()
-          , 'User-Agent'            => "Ratchet"
-        ]);
+    public function __construct(
+        RequestFactoryInterface $requestFactory,
+        PermessageDeflateOptions $perMessageDeflateOptions = null
+    ) {
+        $this->verifier = new ResponseVerifier;
+        $this->requestFactory = $requestFactory;
+
+        $this->defaultHeader = $this->requestFactory
+            ->createRequest('GET', '')
+            ->withHeader('Connection'           , 'Upgrade')
+            ->withHeader('Upgrade'              , 'websocket')
+            ->withHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Version', $this->getVersion())
+            ->withHeader('User-Agent'           , 'Ratchet');
 
         $perMessageDeflateOptions ??= PermessageDeflateOptions::createDisabled();
 
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ class ClientNegotiator {
 
     public function generateRequest(UriInterface $uri): RequestInterface {
         return $this->defaultHeader->withUri($uri)
-            ->withHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key", $this->generateKey());
+            ->withHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Key', $this->generateKey());
     }
 
     public function validateResponse(RequestInterface $request, ResponseInterface $response): bool {
diff --git a/src/Handshake/ServerNegotiator.php b/src/Handshake/ServerNegotiator.php
index ab13e81..94f0549 100644
--- a/src/Handshake/ServerNegotiator.php
+++ b/src/Handshake/ServerNegotiator.php
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace Ratchet\RFC6455\Handshake;
 use Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface;
+use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseFactoryInterface;
 use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;
 use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
 
@@ -11,14 +12,21 @@ use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
 class ServerNegotiator implements NegotiatorInterface {
     private RequestVerifier $verifier;
 
+    private ResponseFactoryInterface $responseFactory;
+
     private array $_supportedSubProtocols = [];
 
     private bool $_strictSubProtocols = false;
 
     private bool $enablePerMessageDeflate = false;
 
-    public function __construct(RequestVerifier $requestVerifier, $enablePerMessageDeflate = false) {
+    public function __construct(
+        RequestVerifier $requestVerifier,
+        ResponseFactoryInterface $responseFactory,
+        $enablePerMessageDeflate = false
+    ) {
         $this->verifier = $requestVerifier;
+        $this->responseFactory = $responseFactory;
 
         // https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=73373
         // https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=74240 - need >=7.1.4 or >=7.0.18
@@ -51,47 +59,49 @@ class ServerNegotiator implements NegotiatorInterface {
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
     public function handshake(RequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface {
+        $response = $this->responseFactory->createResponse();
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyMethod($request->getMethod())) {
-            return new Response(405, ['Allow' => 'GET']);
+            return $response->withHeader('Allow', 'GET')->withStatus(405);
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyHTTPVersion($request->getProtocolVersion())) {
-            return new Response(505);
+            return $response->withStatus(505);
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyRequestURI($request->getUri()->getPath())) {
-            return new Response(400);
+            return $response->withStatus(400);
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyHost($request->getHeader('Host'))) {
-            return new Response(400);
+            return $response->withStatus(400);
         }
 
-        $upgradeSuggestion = [
-            'Connection'             => 'Upgrade',
-            'Upgrade'                => 'websocket',
-            'Sec-WebSocket-Version'  => $this->getVersionNumber()
-        ];
+        $upgradeResponse = $response
+            ->withHeader('Connection'           , 'Upgrade')
+            ->withHeader('Upgrade'              , 'websocket')
+            ->withHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Version', $this->getVersionNumber());
+
         if (count($this->_supportedSubProtocols) > 0) {
-            $upgradeSuggestion['Sec-WebSocket-Protocol'] = implode(', ', array_keys($this->_supportedSubProtocols));
+            $upgradeResponse = $upgradeResponse->withHeader(
+                'Sec-WebSocket-Protocol', implode(', ', array_keys($this->_supportedSubProtocols))
+            );
         }
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyUpgradeRequest($request->getHeader('Upgrade'))) {
-            return new Response(426, $upgradeSuggestion, null, '1.1', 'Upgrade header MUST be provided');
+            return $upgradeResponse->withStatus(426, 'Upgrade header MUST be provided');
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyConnection($request->getHeader('Connection'))) {
-            return new Response(400, [], null, '1.1', 'Connection Upgrade MUST be requested');
+            return $response->withStatus(400, 'Connection Upgrade MUST be requested');
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyKey($request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Key'))) {
-            return new Response(400, [], null, '1.1', 'Invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key');
+            return $response->withStatus(400, 'Invalid Sec-WebSocket-Key');
         }
 
         if (true !== $this->verifier->verifyVersion($request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Version'))) {
-            return new Response(426, $upgradeSuggestion);
+            return $upgradeResponse->withStatus(426);
         }
 
-        $headers = [];
         $subProtocols = $request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Protocol');
         if (count($subProtocols) > 0 || (count($this->_supportedSubProtocols) > 0 && $this->_strictSubProtocols)) {
             $subProtocols = array_map('trim', explode(',', implode(',', $subProtocols)));
@@ -99,20 +109,20 @@ class ServerNegotiator implements NegotiatorInterface {
             $match = array_reduce($subProtocols, fn ($accumulator, $protocol) => $accumulator ?: (isset($this->_supportedSubProtocols[$protocol]) ? $protocol : null), null);
 
             if ($this->_strictSubProtocols && null === $match) {
-                return new Response(426, $upgradeSuggestion, null, '1.1', 'No Sec-WebSocket-Protocols requested supported');
+                return $upgradeResponse->withStatus(426, 'No Sec-WebSocket-Protocols requested supported');
             }
 
             if (null !== $match) {
-                $headers['Sec-WebSocket-Protocol'] = $match;
+                $response = $response->withHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Protocol', $match);
             }
         }
 
-        $response = new Response(101, array_merge($headers, [
-            'Upgrade'              => 'websocket'
-            , 'Connection'           => 'Upgrade'
-            , 'Sec-WebSocket-Accept' => $this->sign((string)$request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Key')[0])
-            , 'X-Powered-By'         => 'Ratchet'
-        ]));
+        $response = $response
+            ->withStatus(101)
+            ->withHeader('Upgrade'             , 'websocket')
+            ->withHeader('Connection'          , 'Upgrade')
+            ->withHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Accept', $this->sign((string)$request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Key')[0]))
+            ->withHeader('X-Powered-By'        , 'Ratchet');
 
         try {
             $perMessageDeflateRequest = PermessageDeflateOptions::fromRequestOrResponse($request)[0];
diff --git a/tests/ab/clientRunner.php b/tests/ab/clientRunner.php
index c186167..32841e1 100644
--- a/tests/ab/clientRunner.php
+++ b/tests/ab/clientRunner.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\MessageInterface;
 use React\Promise\Deferred;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\Frame;
 use React\Promise\PromiseInterface;
+use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\HttpFactory;
 use React\Socket\ConnectionInterface;
 use React\Socket\Connector;
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ function getTestCases(): PromiseInterface {
     $deferred = new Deferred();
 
     $connector->connect($testServer . ':9002')->then(static function (ConnectionInterface $connection) use ($deferred, $testServer): void {
-        $cn = new ClientNegotiator();
+        $cn = new ClientNegotiator(new HttpFactory());
         $cnRequest = $cn->generateRequest(new Uri('ws://' . $testServer . ':9002/getCaseCount'));
 
         $rawResponse = "";
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ function getTestCases(): PromiseInterface {
 }
 
 $cn = new ClientNegotiator(
+    new HttpFactory(),
     PermessageDeflateOptions::permessageDeflateSupported() ? PermessageDeflateOptions::createEnabled() : null);
 
 function runTest(int $case)
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ function runTest(int $case)
 
     $connector->connect($testServer . ':9002')->then(static function (ConnectionInterface $connection) use ($deferred, $casePath, $case, $testServer): void {
         $cn = new ClientNegotiator(
+            new HttpFactory(),
             PermessageDeflateOptions::permessageDeflateSupported() ? PermessageDeflateOptions::createEnabled() : null);
         $cnRequest = $cn->generateRequest(new Uri('ws://' . $testServer . ':9002' . $casePath));
 
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ function createReport(): PromiseInterface {
         // $reportPath = "/updateReports?agent=" . AGENT . "&shutdownOnComplete=true";
         // we will stop it using docker now instead of just shutting down
         $reportPath = "/updateReports?agent=" . AGENT;
-        $cn = new ClientNegotiator();
+        $cn = new ClientNegotiator(new HttpFactory());
         $cnRequest = $cn->generateRequest(new Uri('ws://' . $testServer . ':9002' . $reportPath));
 
         $rawResponse = "";
diff --git a/tests/ab/run_ab_tests.sh b/tests/ab/run_ab_tests.sh
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/tests/ab/startServer.php b/tests/ab/startServer.php
index dde3365..0f6fc44 100644
--- a/tests/ab/startServer.php
+++ b/tests/ab/startServer.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\MessageBuffer;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\MessageInterface;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\FrameInterface;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Messaging\Frame;
+use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\HttpFactory;
 
 require_once __DIR__ . "/../bootstrap.php";
 
@@ -18,7 +19,12 @@ $loop   = \React\EventLoop\Factory::create();
 $socket = new \React\Socket\Server('0.0.0.0:9001', $loop);
 
 $closeFrameChecker = new CloseFrameChecker;
-$negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier, PermessageDeflateOptions::permessageDeflateSupported());
+
+$negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(
+    new RequestVerifier,
+    new HttpFactory(),
+    PermessageDeflateOptions::permessageDeflateSupported()
+);
 
 $uException = new \UnderflowException;
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/Handshake/ServerNegotiatorTest.php b/tests/unit/Handshake/ServerNegotiatorTest.php
index b82784e..382d96a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Handshake/ServerNegotiatorTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/Handshake/ServerNegotiatorTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Ratchet\RFC6455\Test\Unit\Handshake;
 
 use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Message;
+use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\HttpFactory;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Handshake\RequestVerifier;
 use Ratchet\RFC6455\Handshake\ServerNegotiator;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 class ServerNegotiatorTest extends TestCase
 {
     public function testNoUpgradeRequested(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
 
         $requestText = 'GET / HTTP/1.1
 Host: 127.0.0.1:6789
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
     }
 
     public function testNoConnectionUpgradeRequested(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
 
         $requestText = 'GET / HTTP/1.1
 Host: 127.0.0.1:6789
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
     }
 
     public function testInvalidSecWebsocketKey(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
 
         $requestText = 'GET / HTTP/1.1
 Host: 127.0.0.1:6789
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
     }
 
     public function testInvalidSecWebsocketVersion(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
 
         $requestText = 'GET / HTTP/1.1
 Host: 127.0.0.1:6789
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
     }
 
     public function testBadSubprotocolResponse(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
         $negotiator->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(true);
         $negotiator->setSupportedSubProtocols([]);
 
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
     }
 
     public function testNonStrictSubprotocolDoesNotIncludeHeaderWhenNoneAgreedOn(): void {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
         $negotiator->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(false);
         $negotiator->setSupportedSubProtocols(['someproto']);
 
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
 
     public function testSuggestsAppropriateSubprotocol(): void
     {
-        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier());
+        $negotiator = new ServerNegotiator(new RequestVerifier(), new HttpFactory());
         $negotiator->setStrictSubProtocolCheck(true);
         $negotiator->setSupportedSubProtocols(['someproto']);